feat: Support basic tty output

src/hal/io.rs

@@ -13,16 +13,17 @@ use core::arch::asm;
 /// * `port` - 端口號
 /// * `value` - 要寫入的值
 #[inline]
-pub fn io_port_wb(port: u8, value: u8) {
+pub fn io_port_wb(port: u16, value: u8) {
     unsafe {
         asm!(
             "movb {0}, %al",
             "movw {1:x}, %dx",
             "outb %al, %dx",
             in(reg_byte) value,
-            in(reg) port as u16,
+            in(reg) port,
             out("al") _,
-            out("dx") _
+            out("dx") _,
+            options(att_syntax)
         );
     }
 }
@@ -33,16 +34,17 @@ pub fn io_port_wb(port: u8, value: u8) {
 /// * `port` - 端口號
 /// * `value` - 要寫入的值
 #[inline]
-pub fn io_port_wl(port: u8, value: u32) {
+pub fn io_port_wl(port: u16, value: u32) {
     unsafe {
         asm!(
             "movl {0}, %eax",
             "movw {1:x}, %dx",
             "outl %eax, %dx",
             in(reg) value,
-            in(reg) port as u16,
+            in(reg) port,
             out("eax") _,
-            out("dx") _
+            out("dx") _,
+            options(att_syntax)
         );
     }
 }
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ pub fn io_port_wl(port: u8, value: u32) {
 /// # 返回
 /// 讀取到的值
 #[inline]
-pub fn io_port_rb(port: u8) -> u8 {
+pub fn io_port_rb(port: u16) -> u8 {
     let value: u8;
     unsafe {
         asm!(
@@ -62,9 +64,10 @@ pub fn io_port_rb(port: u8) -> u8 {
             "inb %dx, %al",
             "movb %al, {0}",
             out(reg_byte) value,
-            in(reg) port as u16,
+            in(reg) port,
             out("al") _,
-            out("dx") _
+            out("dx") _,
+            options(att_syntax)
         );
     }
     value
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ pub fn io_port_rb(port: u8) -> u8 {
 /// # 返回
 /// 讀取到的值
 #[inline]
-pub fn io_port_rl(port: u8) -> u32 {
+pub fn io_port_rl(port: u16) -> u32 {
     let value: u32;
     unsafe {
         asm!(
@@ -85,9 +88,10 @@ pub fn io_port_rl(port: u8) -> u32 {
             "inl %dx, %eax",
             "movl %eax, {0}",
             out(reg) value,
-            in(reg) port as u16,
+            in(reg) port,
             out("eax") _,
-            out("dx") _
+            out("dx") _,
+            options(att_syntax)
         );
     }
     value

src/kernel/kernel.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // src/kernel/kernel.rs
 use core::arch::asm;
+use crate::kernel::tty::tty;
 
 // boot.S 調用的入口點
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -7,11 +8,24 @@ pub extern "C" fn _kernel_init() {
     // TODO: 加載 GDT
     // TODO: 加載 IDT  
     // TODO: 啟用分頁
+    tty::tty_init(tty::VGA_BUFFER_PADDR);
+    tty::tty_set_theme(tty::VGA_COLOR_WHITE, tty::VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn _kernel_main(_multiboot_info: u32) {
-    
+pub extern "C" fn _kernel_post_init() {
+
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn _kernel_main() {
+
+    tty::tty_put_str("Loading....!\n");
+
+    // tty::tty_clear();
+
+    tty::tty_put_str("Welcome to Cure OS!\n");
+
     unsafe {
         loop {
             asm!("hlt");

src/kernel/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod kernel;
+pub mod tty;
 
 // 重新導出由 boot.S 調用的入口點
 // pub use kernel::{_kernel_init, _kernel_main};

src/kernel/tty/mod.rs

@@ -1 +1,16 @@
-pub mod tty;
+// src/kernel/tty/mod.rs
+
+pub mod tty;
+
+// 重新導出 TTY 公共函數
+pub use tty::tty_init;
+pub use tty::tty_set_buffer;
+pub use tty::tty_set_theme;
+pub use tty::tty_put_char;
+pub use tty::tty_put_str;
+pub use tty::tty_scroll_up;
+pub use tty::tty_clear;
+pub use tty::tty_clear_line;
+pub use tty::tty_set_cpos;
+pub use tty::tty_get_cpos;
+pub use tty::tty_get_theme;

src/kernel/tty/tty.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// src/kernel/tty/tty.rs
+
+use crate::hal::io::{io_port_wb};
+
+/// VGA 屬性類型 (16位)
+pub type VgaAttribute = u16;
+
+// VGA 顏色常量
+pub const VGA_COLOR_BLACK: u8 = 0;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_BLUE: u8 = 1;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_GREEN: u8 = 2;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_CYAN: u8 = 3;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_RED: u8 = 4;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_MAGENTA: u8 = 5;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_BROWN: u8 = 6;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY: u8 = 7;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_DARK_GREY: u8 = 8;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE: u8 = 9;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREEN: u8 = 10;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_CYAN: u8 = 11;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_RED: u8 = 12;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_MAGENTA: u8 = 13;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BROWN: u8 = 14;
+pub const VGA_COLOR_WHITE: u8 = 15;
+pub const VGA_BUFFER_PADDR: usize = 0xB8000;
+
+const TTY_WIDTH: usize = 80;
+const TTY_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
+const VGA_CTRL_PORT: u16 = 0x03D4;
+const VGA_DATA_PORT: u16 = 0x03D5;
+
+// 全局 TTY 狀態
+pub struct TTYState {
+    vga_buffer: *mut VgaAttribute,
+    theme_color: VgaAttribute,
+    x: usize,
+    y: usize,
+}
+
+impl TTYState {
+    const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vga_buffer: VGA_BUFFER_PADDR as *mut VgaAttribute,
+            theme_color: (VGA_COLOR_BLACK as VgaAttribute) << 8,
+            x: 0,
+            y: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static mut TTY_STATE: TTYState = TTYState::new();
+
+fn update_cursor() {
+    unsafe {
+        let pos = TTY_STATE.y * TTY_WIDTH + TTY_STATE.x;
+        
+        io_port_wb(VGA_CTRL_PORT, 0x0F);
+        io_port_wb(VGA_DATA_PORT, (pos & 0xFF) as u8);
+        io_port_wb(VGA_CTRL_PORT, 0x0E);
+        io_port_wb(VGA_DATA_PORT, ((pos >> 8) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    }
+}
+
+/// 初始化 TTY
+// vga_buf: *mut u8
+pub fn tty_init(vga_buf: usize) {
+    unsafe {
+        TTY_STATE.vga_buffer = vga_buf as *mut VgaAttribute;
+        tty_clear();
+    }
+}
+
+/// 設置 VGA 緩衝區
+pub fn tty_set_buffer(vga_buf: usize) {
+    unsafe {
+        TTY_STATE.vga_buffer = vga_buf as *mut VgaAttribute;
+    }
+}
+
+/// 設置主題顏色（前景色和背景色）
+pub fn tty_set_theme(fg: u8, bg: u8) {
+    unsafe {
+        TTY_STATE.theme_color = ((bg << 4 | fg) as VgaAttribute) << 8;
+    }
+}
+
+/// 向 TTY 輸出單個字符
+/// 
+/// # 注意
+/// - 僅支援 ASCII 範圍 (0-255) 的字符
+/// - 多字節 Unicode 字符會被截斷為低 8 位
+/// - '\t' 擴展為 4 個空格
+/// - '\n' 換行並將游標移至行首
+/// - '\r' 將游標移至行首
+pub fn tty_put_char(chr: char) {
+    unsafe {
+        match chr {
+            '\t' => {
+                TTY_STATE.x += 4;
+            }
+            '\n' => {
+                TTY_STATE.y += 1;
+                TTY_STATE.x = 0;
+            }
+            '\r' => {
+                TTY_STATE.x = 0;
+            }
+            _ => {
+                let offset = TTY_STATE.x + TTY_STATE.y * TTY_WIDTH;
+                // VGA 文本模式僅支持 8 位字符
+                *TTY_STATE.vga_buffer.add(offset) = TTY_STATE.theme_color | (chr as u8) as VgaAttribute;
+                TTY_STATE.x += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if TTY_STATE.x >= TTY_WIDTH {
+            TTY_STATE.x = 0;
+            TTY_STATE.y += 1;
+        }
+        
+        if TTY_STATE.y >= TTY_HEIGHT {
+            tty_scroll_up();
+        }
+
+        update_cursor();
+    }
+}
+
+/// 向 TTY 輸出字符串
+/// 
+/// # 注意
+/// - 字符串中的多字節 Unicode 字符會被截斷為低 8 位
+/// - 支持 Rust 字符串切片 (&str)
+pub fn tty_put_str(s: &str) {
+    for chr in s.chars() {
+        tty_put_char(chr);
+    }
+}
+
+/// 向上滾動一行
+pub fn tty_scroll_up() {
+    unsafe {
+        let last_line = TTY_WIDTH * (TTY_HEIGHT - 1);
+        
+        // 將所有行向上移動一行
+        core::ptr::copy(
+            TTY_STATE.vga_buffer.add(TTY_WIDTH),
+            TTY_STATE.vga_buffer,
+            last_line
+        );
+        
+        // 清空最後一行
+        for i in 0..TTY_WIDTH {
+            *TTY_STATE.vga_buffer.add(i + last_line) = TTY_STATE.theme_color;
+        }
+        
+        TTY_STATE.y = if TTY_STATE.y == 0 { 0 } else { TTY_HEIGHT - 1 };
+    }
+}
+
+/// 清空屏幕
+pub fn tty_clear() {
+    unsafe {
+        for i in 0..(TTY_WIDTH * TTY_HEIGHT) {
+            *TTY_STATE.vga_buffer.add(i) = TTY_STATE.theme_color;
+        }
+        TTY_STATE.x = 0;
+        TTY_STATE.y = 0;
+        update_cursor();
+    }
+}
+
+/// 清空指定行
+pub fn tty_clear_line(y: usize) {
+    unsafe {
+        for i in 0..TTY_WIDTH {
+            *TTY_STATE.vga_buffer.add(i + y * TTY_WIDTH) = TTY_STATE.theme_color;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 設置游標位置
+pub fn tty_set_cpos(x: usize, y: usize) {
+    unsafe {
+        TTY_STATE.x = x % TTY_WIDTH;
+        TTY_STATE.y = y % TTY_HEIGHT;
+        update_cursor();
+    }
+}
+
+/// 獲取游標位置
+pub fn tty_get_cpos() -> (usize, usize) {
+    unsafe {
+        (TTY_STATE.x, TTY_STATE.y)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 獲取當前主題顏色
+pub fn tty_get_theme() -> VgaAttribute {
+    unsafe {
+        TTY_STATE.theme_color
+    }
+}